The Arbiter of Reality
A collective sigh of relief was heard
when the cease-fire was announced last week, bringing an end to the most recent
Palestinian attack on Eretz Yisroel, without a full-fledged war. The tension
for acheinu bais Yisroel in Eretz Yisroel dissipated as life began
returning to normal for Israel’s citizens.
Keeping the peace and stopping the rain
of missiles was a definite immediate accomplishment, but on another level, many
were wondering what Israel’s prime minister was thinking when he set up a major
confrontation, massing tens of thousands of soldiers and preparing his country
for war, only to back down and hand Hamas a moral, if not a real, victory. Once
again, terror paid off.
Israel’s prime minister, the very one
blessed with superb communicative skills and with a clear grasp of regional
politics, was outmaneuvered. With bravado and pomp, he posed and postured,
flexing his muscles this way and that. He unleashed his soldiers and reserves,
marching to the front lines of a showdown, only to capitulate, allowing Hamas
to claim victory and the newest rosha on the block, Mohamed Morsi, to
gain international accolades.
Did we want war? Certainly not. But
what happened, or didn’t happen, last week on Israel’s Gaza border serves as
yet another reminder that we are in golus, and that we cannot rely on
politicians for peace, harmony, serenity and quality of life.
This year, once again, as Parshas
Vayishlach arrives, the world around us is spinning out of control and we
are in desperate need of clarity in understanding how to deal with brothers who
stab us in the back, those who rule over us, as well as neighbors who would
love for us to disappear.
The parshiyos of the Torah and
their lessons are ever-relevant to us in our daily lives in more ways than we
can imagine.
Take for example this week’s parsha
of Vayishlach. The famous Medrash (Bereishis Rabbah 78:15)
quoted and explained by the Ramban (33:15) relates that when Rabi Yannai
would have dealings with the Roman government, he would learn this parsha
before setting out on his mission. This was because Chazal had a
tradition that this parsha is the parsha of golus, from
which Jews are to learn for all time how to conduct themselves in exile. From
the subtleties of the exchange between Yaakov and Eisov, the chachomim
would formulate the proper angle, hashkofah and negotiating positions to
survive under Roman domination.
The stories that are recorded in the
Torah are there for us to study and relate to our lives. Yaakov conducted
himself in this way with Eisov because it was the proper way to deal with him
and to teach for eternity how to deal with the various Eisovs that Jews have
been confronting ever since.
The Ramban, in fact, writes at
the beginning of his peirush on Parshas Vayishlach that
this parsha was written so that we may learn from it, because everything
that happened to Yaakov vis-à-vis Eisov will continuously transpire to his
descendants. Throughout his peirush, the Ramban offers various
lessons we can apply.
The Maharshal, quoted in the sefer
Tzeidah Laderech, says that we find that as a reward for Yaakov’s mesirus
nefesh to return for the pachim ketanim, Hakadosh Boruch Hu
repaid him through the small pach found by the Chashmonaim, through which
the Chanukah miracle transpired. The seeds of the Chanukah
renewal were planted by Yaakov avinu when he was left alone, in this
week’s parsha.
The Megaleh Amukos discusses an
instance recorded in last week’s parsha. After confronting Yaakov
following his attempt to flee, Lavan called upon Yaakov to forge a bris
with him (Bereishis 31:44). Yaakov and his sons made a pile of stones
and called it Galeid. Lavan called it Yegar Sahadusa.
The Megaleh Amukos says that the
names each one gave to the pile foretold something that would take place many
years in the future. Lavan called it Yegar Sahadusa because in the 213th
year of Bayis Sheini, the forces of evil would gain the upper hand and
Antiyochus would slaughter a pig on the mizbeiach, defiling the Bais
Hamikdosh. The gematriah of the word Yegar is 213.
Yaakov called it Galeid to
signify that at that time, the Chashmonaim would pray to the One Who
heard the prayers of Shmuel Hanovi on Har Gilod. Their prayers would be heard
and they would be empowered to defeat Antiyochus and the Yevonim.
Yaakov and Eisov. Yaakov and Lavan.
Eternal battles being fought and refought throughout the ages, all foretold in
the Torah to those who properly study it.
The Alter of Novardok was mekareiv
Rav Yechezkel Abramsky when he was a young bochur learning in his yeshiva.
One day, the Alter said to him, “Muster’l (an endearing term referring
to the bochur’s hometown of Must), do want to know how to be able to
discern the will of Hashem for the rest of your life? I’ll teach you how to do
that. The secret is to always remember that there is no reality other than what
is written in the Torah.”
The famed mussar personality
proved this concept to the bochur by quoting him the famous Gemara in
Maseches Gittin (56a) which discusses the period when Vespasian
besieged Yerushalayim prior to the churban. Chazal recognized
that there was no way the Jews would be able to defeat the Romans and therefore
sought to make peace with them.
The Baryonim, the tough guys,
refused to accept the ruling of the rabbis, insisting that they had the
strength to withstand the Roman might. They sought war. They prevented the
rabbis from leaving the city to meet the Romans. When the rabbis refused to
permit them to wage war on Rome, the Baryonim burned all the food that
had been stored to withstand the Roman blockade. They thought that by doing so,
they would force the people to fight the Romans, lest they die of starvation. A
famine ensued in Yerushalayim.
Abba Sikra, head of the Baryonim
in Yerushalayim, was the nephew of Rabbon Yochanon ben Zakai, the gadol
hador. Abba Sikra was called to a secret meeting with his uncle, who
succeeded in convincing him that the understanding of the rabbis was the
correct one. Although he was won over, Abba Sikra feared his own followers and
was frightened to inform them that he had been convinced that the plan of
starving the Jews was improper. He agreed to enable Rabbon Yochanon ben Zakai
to meet the Roman general, Vespasian, and helped smuggle the elderly tzaddik
out of the besieged holy city in a coffin to accomplish the fateful encounter.
Finally, after placing his life in
danger, Rabbon Yochanon arrived at the Roman camp. He faced the general and
said to him, “Peace to you, O king.” Vespasian responded, “I condemn you to
death on two counts. Firstly, I am not a king and you mock me by referring to
me in that manner. Secondly, if I am a king, why did you wait until now to come
to speak with me?”
Rabbon Yochanon calmly responded, “The
truth is that you are destined to be a king, for it can be derived from several
pesukim that Yerushalayim will be destroyed by a king.” He quoted four pesukim
to back up his contention and, through a gezeirah shavah, proved to him
that Yerushalayim will be conquered by a king.
The Gemara recounts the rest of
the conversation, including the fact that their meeting was interrupted by the
arrival of a messenger from Rome announcing that the Caesar had died and
Vespasian had been appointed the new leader. He granted Rabbon Yochanon ben
Zakai two wishes, which ultimately preserved the transmission of Torah.
The Alter turned to Chatzkel Muster and
analyzed the story.
“Here we had the gadol hador
going to meet a powerful and influential leader. Surely, he was aware that to
address him as king when he wasn’t yet appointed to that position was a crime.
Couldn’t Rabbon Yochanon ben Zakai have prepared a compelling argument for
mercy towards the Jews, or a speech explaining the position of the Jews, and
thus seek to negotiate conditions they could live with? After all, wasn’t that
the purpose of his trip? Didn’t basic diplomacy call for a better approach than
telling the general about a gezeirah shavah he had darshened?
“Muster’l,” said the Alter, “the
explanation is that to Rabbon Yochanon ben Zakai there was no metzius,
no reality, other than the words of the Torah. To him, the gezeirah
shavah wasn’t merely some esoteric drasha, but rather life and truth
itself, as real as heaven and earth, and it was the most natural thing to
express the ideas gleaned from words of Torah.”
Since Rabbon Yochanan understood from
the pesukim that Vespasian would become king, it was as real as could be
and there was no danger in referring to him as such. Torah is the arbiter of
reality.
And with this we arm ourselves. We have
the knowledge that there is only one reality and it isn’t established by the
United Nations, self-serving diplomats, generals or tough guys. The reality of
the world is shaped and gleaned from Torah. Anything else is false, and while
it may possess momentary glitter, it is doomed to be exposed as fiction.
A similar lesson on a different level
can be learned from a halachic ruling of the Chazon Ish. A widow
living alone sought to rent half of her four-room apartment. She was
negotiating with a family of ten children, and though no deal was signed, they
had already agreed upon a price. Along came a young couple about to get married
and an agreement was reached to rent the apartment.
The head of the large family called the
young chosson to a din Torah. He said that the chosson was
a rosha, as he had transgressed on the sin referred to as “oni
hamehapeich bacharorah, grabbing a cookie away from a poor, hungry person,”
and that he must relent and permit the large family to move in to the home. The chosson said that the widow preferred
renting to him, because she was afraid of all the noise the ten children would
cause and didn’t know if she would be able to handle it.
Rav Yisroel
Grossman, in his sefer Halichos Yisroel (45), writes that he was
asked this shailoh. He ruled that there is no rule of “oni
hamehapeich bacharorah” in this case, for just as there is an obligation to
protect the rights of a [potential] renter, we must also observe “ve’osisa
hayoshor vehatov, to do what is correct and proper.” Since the widow is
definitely better off renting to the young couple, the correct and proper thing
to do would be to permit her to do so.
Rav Grossman writes
that a short time after issuing his ruling, he visited the Chazon Ish
and discussed the case with him. The Chazon Ish responded that even
though in theory it sounded like he had ruled properly, he should research the
issue in teshuvah seforim, for if the poskim rule differently
than he did, then “the correct and proper” course of action is different than
what we would assume it is. What is “correct and proper,” said the Chazon
Ish, is to follow the ruling and the understanding of the Torah, for it is
always yoshor and always tov.
Often times, we
think that we understand better than others and that our comprehension is borne
out by the truth, but, in fact, we must begin by analyzing the teachings of the
Torah, for that is the only way to properly and correctly arrive at the ultimate
truth.
The story is told of
a high-ranking Hungarian military leader who came to visit the town of Satmar
during the time that Rav Yoel Teitelbaum served as the town’s rov. Of
course, the military leader was taken to meet the rov, who received him
and his delegation with great respect. The table was set beautifully and the
local baalei batim filled the room in honor of the visitors.
The general was a
man of regal bearing, with a well-tailored uniform and a chest covered with an
impressive array of medals and ribbons. At some point during the meeting, the rov
detected that the townspeople were becoming enamored by the guest, taken
in by his regal uniform, his medals and the seeming strength he exuded. The
general spoke and everyone gathered close to hear his every word.
The Satmar Rov
became annoyed. He leaned over to his people and said softly but strong enough
for them to hear, “Voss zogt ehr, der mit di yedei Eisov?” His words
were like a pin puncturing the aura surrounding the general.
Someone who was present
later related, “In one instant, our enchantment with the visitor disappeared,
because the rebbe, without offending the visitor, opened our eyes to the
truth, the reality that we are an am hanivchar, and the visitor, decent
an individual as he may have been, wasn’t as fortunate as we were. We felt that
we were on a higher level, that we were better, even though he seemed to have
more power than us.”
In the darkness of
the exile we are tested when we see the wicked prosper and the righteous
trampled upon, says the Ramchal in Da’as Tevunos. We see fiction
gaining and the truth seems beat. It appears as if there is no one in charge
keeping score and exacting punishment upon those who employ treachery,
debauchery and lies to advance themselves and their causes. Those who are
loyal, honest and decent are mocked as being foolish, as they don’t reap the
rewards of the pragmatic world, and we wonder why. But such is the pattern of golus,
tempting us to forsake our fidelity to the truth of Torah.
The Satmar Rov reminded
his people that even when respect and deference are called for, we must never
forget that we are marching toward eternal triumph, to a much higher place and
towards a glorious destiny. Our steps are foretold and taught in the Torah.
They are those of truth, while all the rest, as impressive as they may seem at
the moment, are folly, here today and gone tomorrow.
And so here we are
once again. Iran has already begun rearming Hamas with advanced weaponry. The
celebrants in the Gaza Strip are already preparing for the next war, Rachmona
litzlon. The nations of the world, professing to care about us, are
commending Israel for showing restraint, patting the hapless Jews on the head,
smug that the Jewish people are once again at their mercy.
When Yaakov bid his
brother Eisov farewell, he said that since he was traveling with his children,
he would have to move slowly. He told Eisov not to wait for him and that he
would meet him in Se’ir. The Medrash (Bereishis Rabbah, 78:14),
cited by Rashi and the Ramban, says that this meeting will take
place at the time of Moshiach, as the posuk states, “Ve’olu
moshiim beHar Tzion lishpot es Har Eisov.”
Until then, we are bein
ho’amim, just as we have always been. The way we deal with national and
personal enemies is by studying what our parents, grandparents and forefathers
did in similar situations and recognizing our limitations in ability and
intelligence.
And now, as then, we
cry out the words of our forefather, Yaakov Avinu.
“Hatzileini na!
Hashem, save us!”
So may it be, speedily in our days.